Read the tape before you read the market.

KOSPI Index

Korea's large-cap benchmark, used to read domestic risk appetite and flow conditions.

NASDAQ Composite

A global read on growth-stock and technology risk appetite.

S&P 500

The broad large-cap benchmark for U.S. equity conditions.

Dow Jones

The Dow Jones Industrial Average, a headline gauge for U.S. blue-chip equities.

Nikkei 225

Japan's headline equity index, useful for reading Asian risk appetite and yen conditions.

USD/KRW

A key FX gauge for won weakness and foreign-flow pressure in Korean equities.

VIX Index

The U.S. equity volatility gauge, a fast read on global risk aversion.

Gold-Silver Ratio

Gold divided by silver, often used to read defensive demand and shifts in risk appetite.

Gold

Gold spot price in U.S. dollars, useful for reading defensive demand and real-rate pressure.

Silver

Silver spot price in U.S. dollars, with both precious-metal and cyclical commodity traits.

WTI

WTI crude oil price, a key read on energy costs, inflation pressure, and demand conditions.

Natural Gas

Natural gas price, used to track energy supply-demand and seasonal cost pressure.

Copper

Copper price, a classic cyclical commodity gauge for manufacturing and construction demand.

Wheat

Wheat price, useful for tracking grain supply-demand and food inflation pressure.

Cboe Total Put/Call Ratio

Total U.S. options put volume divided by call volume, used to examine short-term hedging demand.

Credit Risk: HY OAS / IG OAS

High-yield credit spread divided by investment-grade spread, a ratio for lower-quality credit stress.

FINRA Margin Debt

Monthly debit balances in customer securities margin accounts, a broad U.S. leverage proxy.

Korea Margin Credit Balance

Total margin-credit balance, a proxy for retail leverage pressure.

KOSPI Margin Credit

Margin-credit balance in KOSPI-listed names, tracking retail leverage in large caps.

KOSDAQ Margin Credit

Margin-credit balance in KOSDAQ names, useful for growth and theme-stock leverage risk.

KOSPI Foreign Net Buy

Foreign net buying in KOSPI, a flow signal tied to FX and large-cap demand.

KOSPI Institution Net Buy

Institutional net buying in KOSPI, a read on domestic professional flows.

KOSPI Retail Net Buy

Retail net buying in KOSPI, useful for short-term sentiment and leverage context.

Korea CPI

Korean consumer price index for all items.

Korea CPI YoY

Year-over-year Korean consumer price inflation.

BOK Base Rate

The Bank of Korea base policy rate.

Korea Real Policy Rate

Bank of Korea base rate minus CPI inflation.

Korea Treasury 10Y

Korean 10-year treasury bond yield.

Korea 10Y-3Y Spread

Korean 10-year treasury yield minus the 3-year yield.

Korea Real GDP YoY

Year-over-year growth in Korean real GDP.

US CPI

US consumer price index for all urban consumers.

US CPI YoY

Year-over-year US consumer price inflation.

Fed Funds Rate

The effective federal funds rate.

US Real Fed Funds Rate Proxy

A backward-looking proxy: effective federal funds rate minus year-over-year U.S. CPI inflation.

US 10Y-2Y Spread

US 10-year Treasury yield minus 2-year Treasury yield.

US Unemployment Rate

The US unemployment rate.

US Unemployment Gap

US unemployment rate minus its trailing 12-month low.

US Real GDP YoY

Year-over-year growth in US real GDP.

US Treasury 10Y

The US 10-year Treasury yield, a key signal for discount-rate pressure and global risk appetite.

US Treasury 2Y

The US 2-year Treasury yield, useful for reading near-term policy-rate expectations.

US High Yield OAS

The US high-yield option-adjusted spread, a direct gauge of lower-quality credit stress.

US Investment Grade OAS

The US investment-grade option-adjusted spread, a gauge of higher-quality credit risk premium.

US M2 Money Stock YoY

Year-over-year change in US M2 money stock, used as a broad liquidity backdrop.

US Initial Jobless Claims

Weekly initial unemployment claims, an early signal of labor-market cracks.

US Continued Jobless Claims

Weekly continued unemployment claims, useful for judging job-market persistence.

US Retail Sales YoY

Year-over-year retail sales growth, a demand signal for US consumption.

US Industrial Production YoY

Year-over-year industrial production growth, a signal for manufacturing and real activity.

US PCE Inflation YoY

Year-over-year PCE inflation, a key inflation measure watched by the Federal Reserve.

US Core PCE YoY

Year-over-year core PCE inflation, used to read underlying inflation pressure.

US Consumer Sentiment

University of Michigan consumer sentiment, a gauge of household confidence.

US Housing Starts

US housing starts, a rate-sensitive signal for real activity and construction demand.

US Building Permits

US building permits, a forward-looking housing and construction-cycle signal.

US Broad Dollar Index

A broad US dollar index, useful for reading dollar liquidity and global risk pressure.

USD/JPY

The dollar-yen exchange rate, useful for yen weakness and Japan-linked risk appetite.

EUR/USD

The euro-dollar exchange rate, a read on dollar strength and European growth expectations.

USD/CNY

The dollar-yuan exchange rate, useful for China-linked risk appetite and Asia FX pressure.

US Nonfarm Payrolls YoY

Year-over-year nonfarm payroll growth, a labor-cycle momentum signal.

US Job Openings

US job openings, a signal for labor demand and wage-pressure background.

Korea M2 YoY

Year-over-year growth in Korea's M2 money supply.

Korea M1 YoY

Year-over-year growth in Korea's narrow money supply.

Korea Lf Liquidity YoY

Year-over-year growth in Korea's financial-institution liquidity.

Korea Monetary Base YoY

Year-over-year growth in Korea's monetary base.

Korea Bank Deposits YoY

Year-over-year growth in Korean deposit-bank receipts.

Korea Bank Loans YoY

Year-over-year growth in Korean deposit-bank loan balances.

Korea Household Credit YoY

Year-over-year growth in Korean household credit.

Korea Household Loans YoY

Year-over-year growth in depository-institution household loans.

Korea Housing Loans YoY

Year-over-year growth in Korea's housing-related household loans.

Korea Call Rate

Korea's overnight call rate.

Korea CD 91D Rate

Korean 91-day certificate-of-deposit yield.

Korea CP 91D Rate

Korean 91-day commercial-paper yield.

Korea Corporate Bond AA- 3Y

Korean AA- 3-year corporate bond yield.

Korea Corporate Bond BBB- 3Y

Korean BBB- 3-year corporate bond yield.

Korea BBB- Credit Spread 3Y

BBB- 3-year corporate yield minus Korea's 3-year treasury yield.

Korea Current Account

Seasonally adjusted Korean current-account balance.

Korea FX Reserves

Korea's foreign-exchange reserves.

Korea PPI YoY

Year-over-year growth in Korea's producer price index.

Korea Exports YoY

Year-over-year growth in Korean export value.

Korea Imports YoY

Year-over-year growth in Korean import value.

Korea Leading Cycle Index

The cyclical component of Korea's leading composite index, used to track turns in economic momentum.

Korea Semiconductor Exports YoY

Year-over-year change in Korea's semiconductor export value index.

Korea Consumer Sentiment

A composite index of Korean consumers' current conditions and expectations; values above 100 indicate optimism relative to the long-run average.

Korea All-Industry Business Outlook BSI

A monthly survey of businesses' outlook across Korean industries; 100 separates optimism from pessimism.

Korea Industrial Production YoY

Year-over-year change in Korea's all-industry production index excluding agriculture and fishing.

Korea Retail Sales YoY

Year-over-year change in Korea's real retail sales total index, tracking actual household consumption.

US Commercial and Industrial Loans

Seasonally adjusted commercial and industrial loans at US commercial banks.

US Personal Saving Rate

Personal saving as a percentage of disposable personal income in the United States.

US Capacity Utilization

The share of sustainable US industrial production capacity currently in use.